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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Native American hobbyism in Germany ： ウィキペディア英語版 Native American hobbyism in Germany Native American hobbyism in Germany, also called Indian Hobbyism, or Indianism, is the performance and adoption of American Indian culture as a hobby and pastime, such as for a weekend retreat, pow wow, or summer camps.〔Sieg, Katrin (2002). ''Ethnic Drag''. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 9780472112821.〕 It exists in several European countries, but is prominent in Germany, where it has approximately 40,000 practitioners, known as hobbyists, participate.〔Lopinto, Noemi (2009). "Der Indianer: Why Do 40,000 Germans spend their weekends dressed as Native Americans?". ''Utne.com ''. http://www.utne.com/mind-and-body/germans-weekends-native-americans-indian-culture.aspx#axzz3Iclt4HSK〕 ==Background== According to the history laid out in H. Glenn Penny’s Kindred By Choice,〔Penny, H. Glenn (2013). ''Kindred By Choice ''. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1469607641.〕 many Germans identify their roots as tribes that lived independently of one another that were colonized by Romans and forced to become Christians. Because of this tribal background and history of colonization, many believe that they are more related to Native Americans than to fellow European nations in contemporary times.〔Gilders, Adam (2003). “Ich Bin Ein Indianer: Germany’s Obsession with a past it never had”. ''The Walrus ''. http://thewalrus.ca/2003-10-feature-2/〕 This kindred heritage is detailed in Penny’s in-depth study of German fascination with and performances as Native American peoples. Germans also established a connection with Native Americans through art and anthropology. Penny covers this history in Kindred By Choice and other published writings, chronicling the German artists, such as Rudolf Cronau, Max Ernst, Georg Grosz, Otto Dix, and Rudolf Schlichter portrayals of Native Americans.〔Penny, H. Glenn (2011). “The German Love Affair with American Indians: Rudolf Cronau’s Epiphany”. ''Common-Place.org''. http://www.common-place.org/vol-11/no-04/reading/〕 German academics such as Alexander von Humboldt, Karl von den Steinen, Paul Ehrenreich, and Karl Jung all traveled to the United States to learn more about Native Americans and their culture. Their documentation of their journeys were regarded positively by the German public and assisted in fostering German fascination with Native Americans. Penny also details how Germans often denounced the violence inflicted upon Native peoples by the United States government until large groups of German immigrants began settling in the United States. Another factor in the popularity of Hobbyism in Germany can be attributed to the many Wild West shows that successfully toured throughout Germany that featured real Native Americans in stereotypical "cowboy and Indian" performances.〔Stetler, Julia Simone (2012). “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West in Germany. A Transnational History”. University of Nevada, Las Vegas Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 1634.〕 One of the most popular Wild West shows was organized by William Frederick “Buffalo Bill” Cody. German Hobbyism is generally believed to have been largely popularized by the dime-store novelist Karl May, whose fictional Apache warrior character, Winnetou, and his German blood-brother, Old Shatterhand, adventure throughout the Wild West. In one of the many novels, Winnetou is murdered and Old Shatterhand avenges him and ultimately becomes an Apache chief. The Winnetou novels were first published in the 1890s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Native American hobbyism in Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.